Scriptural Supremacy: It’s Time for a Decision

The Anglican Communion’s disputes about homosexual practice seem to boil down to a fundamental issue that splits traditionalists from modernists:

  • Is it permissible for us to regard the Bible as our most important written source of moral guidance, but not more than that? 
  • Or must we go further, and treat Scripture as immutable law that may never be amended and must always be obeyed?   

As a polity, the Episcopal Church seems to have been dancing around
this issue for decades.  Those days now appear to be over; we will have to come to grips with the issue

Discussion, but not Decision

That’s not to say the scriptural-supremacy issue hasn’t been discussed.  It has been, at great length.

Traditionalists at least aren’t afraid to say where they stand on the subject.  They pound on the table and thunder that we must always and everywhere be slaves to Scripture.

Many modernists appear to be afraid of the scriptural-supremacy issue.  They tiptoe past it as though it were a sleeping tiger, seemingly fearful of what might happen if the tiger were ever to awaken.  These modernists argue, in effect, that well, yes, Scripture is to be our supreme moral authority, but there are ways of interpreting it (they say) to get around its explicit prohibitions of homosexual activity.

Ducking an Issue Can Be a Good Thing

As a general rule, we
shouldn’t make hard-and-fast decisions on divisive issues unless and until we have to.   There are useful lessons to be had in the practices of the courts in the U.S. judicial system.

American courts engage in issue-ducking all the time.   They do so because they have enormous power, in that American society has ceded to them the authority to decide what the law is.  As a safeguard against misapplication of that authority, our courts try very hard to decide only those specific issues that must be decided, usually on the narrowest grounds possible.  They also ordinarily require that such issues be "ripe" and otherwise
properly before them for decision. 

We saw an example of this in the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent ruling about the "under God" phrase in the Pledge of Allegiance.   The plaintiff in the case was the father of a student who was being required to say the Pledge of Allegiance in school.  The father objected to the under-God phrase and filed suit. 

The Supreme Court noted that the father, who was not married to the mother, also did not have custody of the student.  Consequently, the Court said, it was up to the mother, not the father, to raise an objection to the student’s having to recite the Pledge. Therefore, the Court concluded, the case was not properly before the courts for a decision in the first place.

The Traditionalists Have Now Forced
the Scriptural-Supremacy Issue Upon Us

Evidently the Episcopal Church can no longer duck the issue of scriptural supremacy.  The primates now appear to have forced it upon us:  It seems that, if we want to remain "in communion" with the vocal traditionalists in the Global South — for our presiding bishop to take communion with conservative primates, and for our representatives to be able to continue to attend the Anglican Consultative Council — we will have to declare ourselves slaves to Scripture. 

OK, let’s debate that issue among ourselves — prayerfully, in charity, and with an openness to truth, whatever truth may turn out to be (paraphrasing the Rev. Barbara Brown Taylor).   Let’s make a decision, with due regard to the possible consequences. 

And then, collectively and individually, let’s resolutely face those consequences.

Comments

21 responses to “Scriptural Supremacy: It’s Time for a Decision”

  1. David Huff Avatar
    David Huff

    Traditionalists at least aren’t afraid to say where they stand on the subject. They pound on the table and thunder that we must always and everywhere be slaves to Scripture.
    Too true. But I’ve yet to meet a “traditionalist” who wasn’t really a selective literalist. Oh they’ll claim not to be, but watch the way they tie Scripture up in elaborate rhetorical knots (the way they claim only us moderates/progressives do) in order to “spin” this in their favor. (e.g. their support of usury & unfettered capitalism, tolerance of divorce, basically ignoring “judge not, lest thee be judged,” their focus on “purity”) It seems, quite frankly, more than a bit hypocritical.
    BTW, the main point here is an important one, and you’re right that we can’t go on ignoring it. Most Episcopalians have never been a Bible-thumping, creedal bunch. And I refuse to surrendar the entire church to a shallow, anti-intellectual, selective Biblical “literalism” based upon someone’s conservative, modern-day American socio-political beliefs. Oh, and no – I’m not afraid to say where I stand either 🙂

  2.  Avatar
    Anonymous

    QC, you bring up a great question. David (and QC) – I fall on the “traditionalist” side of things, and so I’ll tell you how I read the Bible, and you can decide for yourself if I am literalist or not.
    Genesis – a myth. Not the “made-up” kind of myth, but the story-and-images-which-describe-a-larger-than-we-
    can-understand-reality” kind. This kind of myth is, to me, a gift from God.
    Rest of the Torah – Some history of the Jewish people(not pristinely accurate, and including some more of the above-kind of myths). Includes the myriad laws which disciplined the Jews into the people of God. The Law is also a stop-gap measure to help the Jews escape the consequences of the Fall in Genesis.
    Rest of the Old Testament – more of the above kind of history. Also poetry, songs, proverbs – WARNING – Do not get your moral code from the psalms!!!
    Gospels – Fullfillment of the Old Covenant found in the Old Testament. The Law didn’t work so we have the beginning of the New Covenant in Jesus Christ.
    Letters – Fleshing out what it is to be a disciple of Christ, including just what of the Law is not binding on Christians, and what part yet is. Some history, also, and many exhortations!
    Revelation – I have no idea what to make of this….
    My understanding of the Bible is that it must be studied from beginning to end, realising that some ideas are transformed as you wind your way through Scripture. You can watch monotheism unfold in those pages, as well as many other concepts. There are trajectories pointing in certain directions, and from these trajectories we today have come to reject slavery, and affirm women. However, I also see some actions and behaviors condemned, and some commended, and mostly these two lists seem to remain constant throughout Scripture, until Peter and Paul, of course.
    I admit that I ALWAYS leave room in my mind that the myths of above could be in part or in whole literally true. But that is not my default operation.
    This little letter of mine is very far from complete, and to keep it short, I’ve left out many specifics. But there it is anyway. So what do you think? Literalist? Fundamentalist? I have a feeling the left and the right are not so far apart on their reading of Scripture as you might think. The differences come down to……….
    INTERPRETATION!!!!
    Now I will go to sleep.
    Jennifer

  3. obadiahslope Avatar
    obadiahslope

    Quest,
    An excellent point. especially from the left. When evangelicals say that the REAL issue is the authority of scripture, we are often accused of diverting attention from the justice issues.
    I take it that in ther case of ECUSA the church would be split on this issue? Which side would have the larger numbers in your view? And what should the outcome of the debate be? ( I live too far away to have any first hand knowledge of ECUSA).
    Jennifer,
    having said the above I acknowledge that there will be many people with your perpective who sincserely belive they can hold a high view of scriptural authority and an inclusivist stance at the same time. I am with Quest on this issue, but I acknowledge there will be a number of people with your perspective.

  4. David Huff Avatar
    David Huff

    Jennifer, I don’t think we’re that far apart on the things you’ve described. Matter of fact, it sounds pretty Traditional to me – traditionally Episcopalian 🙂 I’ve recently mentioned in the Salty Vicar blog that I actually hold many of these “traditionally Episcopalian” views, but don’t talk about them in that way so as not to be identified with the, IMHO, perversion of “traditionalism” that has come out of the extremists in the AAC/Network.
    As long as we can have some respect for each other’s viewpoints, I see no reason why we can’t be in the same church. If you’re conservative, it’s the kind which is just part of the Via Media of our church, and that only adds value to our diversity.
    The people I have a problem with are those who combine a far-right, socio-political stance (think Institute for Religion and Democracy) with shallow, anti-intellectual, religious fundamentalism in Anglican drag who are trying to destroy the church and remake it in their own, narrow-minded image.
    (I’ll remind obadiah that “conservative” evangelical in this country almost always equates with the aforementioned far-right, socio-political stance. I understand this is not automatically the case where he’s from, but it does cast the current troubles in the U.S. in a certain light)

  5. David Huff Avatar
    David Huff

    Oops, so I should’ve mentioned that “traditionalist” in my first post referred to the AAC/Network, “Southern Baptist in Anglican drag” contingent.
    It’s the problem of finding labels, since all “conservatives” are not of the same stripe.

  6. bls Avatar

    D.C., Scripture is already not considered “immutable law.” Nobody obeys it completely, or we wouldn’t have women’s ordination – which we do have, and not only in ECUSA. Banks wouldn’t be able to charge interest on loans – which is prohibited, explicitly, BTW, in far more places than homosexuality supposedly is. In addition, it’s pretty well agreed that the “pastoral” Epistles were written to address certain specific situations in the early Church, not necessarily to describe laws set in stone for all time.
    It’s obvious that the Church is partly about exerting conservative control over human society – which isn’t a bad thing, necessarily, because sometimes society needs this control exerted. What we need to decide is what is “good” and what isn’t. That’s what this discussion is all about.

  7. bls Avatar

    (And in fact, there are many evangelical denominations in the United States in which homosexuality is denounced from the pulpit as anathema – by female pastors. Go figure.)

  8. bls Avatar

    (See 1 Timothy 2:11-15 – “But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence.”
    Also, 1 Corinthians 14:34b-35: “Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but [they are commanded] to be under obedience, as also saith the law.”)

  9. John Wilkins Avatar

    I think of scripture as an “old friend.” It is, for practical purposes, our story. Thats what I’m committed to – telling the story.
    Like most stories, however, most good stories, the moral is often ambiguous. what is surely true, is that there are patterns and warnings and ideals and wisdom that any old friend should be able to tell us about. But in the end, we liv our own lives, hopefully keeping our friendship, but its our life. All I know is that I want to believe as he does, and I have faith he points me in the right direction.
    Our lives are a series of forks, perhaps. Scripture is a map of many forks.

  10. Pontifications Avatar

    It’s time for ECUSA to come clean!

    Questioning Christian has asked us to face squarely the question of biblical supremacy. “Many modernists,” he writes, “appear to be afraid of the scriptural-supremacy issue. They tiptoe past it as though it were a sleeping tiger, seemingly fearful of…

  11.  Avatar
    Anonymous

    bls – I don’t get it. Perhaps the women evangelicals you mentioned above have looked at their Bibles, found examples of women leadership, and also found Paul’s sayings you quoted above, determined these were for specific situations just as you said above, and decided the balance of available Scriptural information said it was OK for them (women)to preach. Why isn’t this consistent?
    When you reference the above quotes the way you do, as if to say these women shouldn’t be preaching, you are textproofing, aren’t you? I assume from your posts you don’t think textproofing a good idea.
    Jennifer

  12.  Avatar
    Anonymous

    David Huff – Thank-you for taking the time to respond, and so politely, too. I really appreciate that.
    I will say that the kind of conservative I am, and how I read the Bible, as described above, is pretty much the same as most conservatives I know. I know of very, very few literalists as you describe them. Maybe I should get out more often….
    Jennifer

  13. Chris Jones Avatar
    Chris Jones

    David Huff:
    Seeing those who disagree with you as “shallow, anti-intellectual, and fundamentalist” is hardly conducive to the sort of conversation “in charity” that our host is recommending. Particularly since it is manifestly not true.
    Your facile equation of “traditionalist” with “literalist” shows how little you understand the traditionalist viewpoint. It appears that you see only two possible attitudes towards Scripture: one that interprets Scripture to be invariably in line with contemporary liberalism, and the other which regards every word of Scripture to be literally, historically true. But not every theological conservative believes in a literal, seven-day creation. And admitting that a non-literal interpretation is sometimes correct does not mean that the Scriptures have no authority over us.

  14. Chris Jones Avatar
    Chris Jones

    DC
    The Traditionalists Have Now Forced the Scriptural-Supremacy Issue Upon Us
    With respect, it is not the “traditionalists” who have forced the issue. It is the progressives who have decided that the teaching of the Church must change. The supremacy of Scripture has been the position of the Anglican Church since (at least) the Reformation: … it is not lawful for the Church to ordain any thing that is contrary to God’s Word written … (Article 20 of the Articles of Religion).
    While it is true that the Articles are not currently a dogmatic standard for ECUSA, they are nevertheless well-nigh unimpeachable historical evidence as to what the stance of Anglicanism has been on these issues. And it is certainly not the “traditionalists” who are trying to change it. So it is not right for you to portray them as the intellectual aggressors here.

  15. Dave C. Avatar
    Dave C.

    I wonder if anyone here could point me to the best and the brightest arguments for fully accepting and blessing homosexual relationships. Most of what I have seen so far have been based on rather vague notions of God is Love or God is doing a new thing. For someone looking for an argument with more detail, where could you point me? Who do you see as providing the best argument for what Kendall Harmon calls the reappraisers?

  16. D. C. Avatar

    Dave C., when I was a Navy nuclear engineer, my department head posted a list of Ten Great Naval Quotes that he said he never wanted to hear from his people. High on the list was “We’ve always done it that way” and its counterpart, “we’ve never done it that way.” If we were going to cite precedent to him as grounds for doing X (or not doing X), we had to be prepared to explain the reasoning behind the precedent and why it made sense for us to do likewise.
    (Things carved in stone were another matter, of course; if doing X was mandatory under Navy regulations or the captain’s standing orders, then that usually settled the matter. But there were almost always exceptions. In an emergency, for example, a naval officer is expected to use his [or now, her] best judgment to carry out the mission and keep people and equipment safe, often in that order. I know from first-hand observation that in an emergency, sailors can be applauded for doing the sensible thing, even if it meant disregarding regulations. And obversely, if a skipper were to fail to carry out a combat mission, or if his ship were to sink in a storm, the fact that he dutifully followed regulations would not necessarily exonerate him.)
    Legal arguments work in much the same way. Judges as a group are very much in favor of doing the “right” thing. If you argue precedent to a judge, you’re much more likely to persuade him or her if you can explain (i) why the precedent is what it is, and (ii) why it should be followed in your particular case. If all you do is tell the judge that Judge X ruled in such-and-such a way in a prior case, you’re not likely to get very far unless (a) Judge X is on the appeals court or the Supreme Court, and (b) the facts of the prior case are almost exactly like the facts of your case.
    That perspective is a useful one from which to view our current disputes. In matters of morals, certainly the church has a longstanding precedent of following Scripture. That’s a good general rule, but it shouldn’t be dispositive — it’s not carved in stone, despite what conservatives may argue.
    We should not assume that in every possible case, all we need to do is blindly follow Scripture. In appropriate circumstances, we need to thoughtfully and prayerfully consider particular situations on their merits, and exercise the judgment God gave us. Sometimes that may entail disobeying Scripture.
    I’ve seen cogent arguments why committed homosexual relationships between consenting adults (“CHRBCA”) can be a Good Thing. I’m not aware of any compelling reasons for refusing to support and bless them. The pragmatic reasons usually cited by commenters are generally risks that can be mitigated, e.g., health risks that can be partially offset by safe-sex practices — and besides, life is full of risks.
    We ought to take these things into account in deciding whether we as a church should bless CHRBCA. We should consciously decide the matter, not merely follow Scripture and think we’ve done our job.
    Please note that supporting CHRBCA would not automatically mean that we had to support any arbitrary sexual relationship in which someone wanted to indulge. We would not be thereby endorsing promiscuity, pedophilia, polygamy, adultery, etc. In each case, we’d have to “do the math” — and it’s easy to think of reasons why the math would work out differently in those other cases than for CHRBCA.

  17.  Avatar
    Anonymous

    D.C.
    Do you think ECUSA has “consciously decided” the matter of same-sex blessings? Not a trick question here, just want your opinion.
    Jennifer

  18. D. C. Avatar

    Jennifer, I think GC2003 laudably decided to make it local-option for now. That was a laudable move because it allows for cautious experimentation by different dioceses. Their experiences will give us new information to better inform our individual- and collective judgments.

  19. Dave C. Avatar
    Dave C.

    D.C., thanks for the response.
    It helps explain why I do not see very many attempts to justify CHRBCA based on Scripture and Tradition.
    One of the difficulties with your analogy of Scripture and Tradition to case law, though, is the role divine inspiration plays in each, and another is that law tends to focus on the here and now (or at most the foreseeable future) while as Christians we are also called to consider the eternal. As far as CHRBCA being a Good Thing, it seems to me that the standard being claimed is far higher than just the possibility for “Good” (which I have no doubt can encompass widely varying assumptions). CHRBCA are being proclaimed to be Holy.
    In terms of what ECUSA has done recently, what troubles me, to go back to a legal analogy, by consecrating as bishop a man in a CHRBA, ECUSA has defacto proclaimed such relationships good and Holy without ever really coming to a consensus (or ruling) on CHRBA in the first place. We, of course, are also dealing with sorting out competing and overlapping jurisdictions. What I think many are now calling for, a clearly articulated rationale for CHRBA from ECUSA, is something that should have already been in place. I would be interested to see such an articulation. You have sketched out one possibility, and I am grateful to you for providing it. It is a shame and part of the problem that ECUSA has not yet clearly set forth its own thinking on the issue.

  20. Mark Diebel Avatar

    Good question re: scripture and whether it is in fact a CREED at all points. This question was first refined to my knowledge in English by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and discussed helpfully in his little book, published first in 1840, Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit (that can be found for free download:
    http://manybooks.net/titles/coleridgetext01cfinq10.html
    The problem he describes is very similar to the one you, D.C., are asking. It is probably helpful to reflect on the nature of its endurance. That may help us understand why it surfaces again and again.

  21. Roland Avatar
    Roland

    Dave C.:
    “I wonder if anyone here could point me to the best and the brightest arguments for fully accepting and blessing homosexual relationships.”
    The best argument is that Holy Scripture cannot be shown to condemn, beyond reasonable doubt, the VERY SPECIFIC type of relationship that is at issue here – namely, a faithful, monogamous relationship of mutual romantic love between people that happen to have the same genitalia. The issue is NOT whether Scripture adddresses “homosexual behaviour”, “homosexual practise”, “homosexual acts” or even the ubiquitous term “homosexual” – those are all non-specific terms that include a multiplicity of particular relationships that have no real relationship to one another. A bunch of males raping another male has got exactly nothing to do with two males or two females who are in love with each other. The inability of many people to make simple on distinctions like this is what makes the current “debate” so frustrating and unproductive.
    The burden of proof should be on those who wish to make a case that a particular thing is condemned, not on those who accept the presumption of innocence.

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